How Did We Get Here?

Israel and the Palestinians: 4: The Balfour Declaration to the Arab Revolt

Feb 9, 2026
Gudrun Kraemer, Professor of Islamic Studies, offers close readings of the Balfour Declaration. Eugene Rogan, historian of the modern Middle East, traces Mandate politics. They cover the declaration’s ambiguity, British motives, growing Jewish immigration, rising Palestinian political mobilisation, the 1936 Arab Revolt, and the Peel Commission’s first partition proposal.
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INSIGHT

Palestinians Left Unnamed

  • The declaration omitted any recognition of Palestinian national claims and only guaranteed civil and religious rights.
  • Britain treated the dispute as a religious issue rather than a national one for two decades.
INSIGHT

Overestimating Jewish Influence

  • British policymakers assumed global Jewish support could be mobilised for the Entente by promising Palestine.
  • That assumption overstated Zionist reach because most Jews worldwide were not Zionist then.
INSIGHT

Mandate: Conditional Empire

  • The League of Nations mandate made British rule conditional but still colonial in practice.
  • The mandate fused support for a Jewish national home with limited self-governing promises to non-Jewish Palestinians.
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