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World War II Recast Labor Mobility Views
- World War II shifted neoliberals from endorsing full labor mobility to accepting controlled borders as national-security realities.
- Economists like Haberler developed trade arguments to justify open goods and capital even when labor remained restricted.
Negative Integration Required Positive Law
- 'Negative integration' in practice required positive legal construction: removing barriers demanded new laws, courts, and arbitration.
- Globalization thus produced an expanding international legal apparatus rather than disembedded free markets.
Depoliticization Is A Political Strategy
- The supposed 'depoliticization' of trade is rhetorical; global economic institutions always embodied political choices and ideologies.
- Claiming institutions are 'above politics' obscures the power baked into legal frameworks.