The Documentary Podcast

China's Population 'Rhinoceros'

27 snips
Feb 7, 2026
Yan Chen, BBC China journalist in Hong Kong, explains why China’s population has fallen and what that means for society. Magerram Zeynalov, BBC Russian correspondent in Azerbaijan, recounts land borders still closed years after the pandemic and the strain on border communities. Bhagyashri Raut, BBC Marathi reporter, tells how mothers in Maharashtra walk children to school to protect them from rising tiger encounters.
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INSIGHT

Rapid Demographic Turnaround

  • China's fertility rate has fallen below one, implying each two people produce one child on average.
  • If trends continue, the population could halve to ~700 million by century's end, reshaping economy and society.
ANECDOTE

Four-To-One Family Pressure

  • Yan Chen describes her family as a product of the one-child policy: two parents, two in-laws, one child.
  • That four-to-one elder-to-child structure makes having a second child burdensome and deters marriage decisions.
INSIGHT

Gender Imbalance Deepens Decline

  • Sex-selective abortions under one-child rules created a male surplus of about 30 million.
  • That gender imbalance reduces marriage prospects and further depresses birth rates.
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