In the Arena: The Debates and Lectures of William Lane Craig

The Nature of Justification

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Mar 6, 2026
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INSIGHT

Dunn Affirms Forensic Elements In Righteousness

  • Craig records James D.G. Dunn's concession that Hebrew righteousness includes forensic elements and punitive divine justice alongside covenant themes.
  • Dunn insists justification remains primarily a forensic metaphor in Paul's usage, notably Romans 4–5.
INSIGHT

Wright's Covenant Faithfulness Creates Tension

  • Craig explains N.T. Wright calls God's righteousness God's own moral quality, choosing covenant faithfulness over distributive justice.
  • That choice creates tension when Wright also affirms forensic justification of sinners.
INSIGHT

Wright Rejects Imputing Covenant Faithfulness

  • Craig highlights Wright's refusal to say God imputes covenant faithfulness to sinners when justifying them, leading Wright to treat law-court language equivocally.
  • Wright claims justification declares forgiven status and inclusion in Abraham's covenant family.
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