
How Did We Get Here? Israel and the Palestinians: 2: From the Muslim Conquest to the Nineteenth Century
Feb 9, 2026
Eugene Rogan, Oxford professor of modern Middle Eastern history, and Simon Sebag Montefiore, historian and author of Jerusalem: The Biography, trace the story from the 7th to early 19th century. They cover the Muslim conquest and Jerusalem’s early Islamic significance. They discuss the Crusades, Saladin’s reconquest, Jewish pilgrimage and persecution, and Ottoman rule and daily life in the Holy Land.
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Swift Change Without Mass Conversion
- The Muslim conquests rapidly changed Palestine's religious and administrative landscape without mass forced conversions.
- Local Christians and Jews often welcomed Arab rule due to Byzantine repression and lighter taxation under the new rulers.
Jerusalem's Central Role In Early Islam
- Early Islam incorporated Jewish and Christian prophets and revered Jerusalem as spiritually significant.
- This theological continuity helped explain Muslim interest in and quick conquest of Jerusalem around 638.
The 1099 Massacre In Jerusalem
- The Crusaders' 1099 capture of Jerusalem involved a brutal massacre of Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.
- Chroniclers described Crusaders bathing in blood and singing hymns in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.





