
New Books in Political Science Emma Ashford, "First Among Equals: U. S. Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World" (Yale UP, 2025)
Oct 5, 2025
Emma Ashford, a foreign policy scholar and author of First Among Equals, presents a fresh perspective on U.S. grand strategy in today's multipolar world. She critiques the failures of past U.S. approaches, advocating for a realist internationalism that prioritizes pragmatic interests. Ashford explores how shifting political dynamics influence foreign policy decisions and argues for a phased U.S. withdrawal from Europe to focus resources on the Indo-Pacific, while still emphasizing strong relations with key allies like Europe and Latin America.
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Four Competing U.S. Foreign Policy Camps
- U.S. policy debates now cluster into four camps: America First hawks, liberal primacists, progressive worldbuilders, and realists/restrainers.
- These positions overlap within parties; the real debates often play out inside each party rather than neatly between them.
Recenter Policy On Pragmatic Realism
- Return to pragmatic realism that matches means to attainable ends and centers national interest.
- Prioritize preventing accidental conflict and cultivating allied capabilities rather than crusading aims.
Shrink The Middle East Footprint
- Retract large U.S. troop footprints from the Middle East and favor a smaller maritime and air posture.
- Replace permanence with political and economic work with regional states and targeted capabilities.




