649. The Fall of the Incas: The Last Emperor (Part 6)

Written in 1542, this book is a powerful critique of Spanish colonialism, detailing the atrocities committed against native populations in the Americas. It was dedicated to Prince Philip II of Spain to alert him to these abuses and demand better treatment for the indigenous peoples. The work contributed significantly to the 'Spanish Black Legend' and remains a crucial historical document.

Published in 1970, this landmark work remains in print with two revisions and is considered the authoritative account of the Spanish conquest of the Incas. The book won the Robert Pitman Literary Prize and the Christopher Award in New York. Hemming spent a full year traveling throughout Peru before writing the book, conducting extensive research to produce this comprehensive historical study.

In '1493', Charles C. Mann explores the global effects of the Columbian Exchange, which followed Columbus's first landing in the Americas. The book details how this exchange led to a global homogenization of species, diseases, and tools, significantly impacting the rise of Europe, the decline of imperial China, and the convulsion of Africa. Mann also discusses how Mexico City became a central hub where Asia, Europe, and the Americas interacted, and how these exchanges have influenced today's political disputes, trade policies, and cultural wars. The book is based on extensive research from biologists, anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians, offering a comprehensive and fascinating look at the origins of modern globalization.

The play, written in 1964, follows the aging Francisco Pizarro as he leads 167 men to conquer the Inca Empire of over ten million, capturing the god-king Atahualpa and demanding a massive gold ransom. It explores the clash of cultures, Pizarro's internal conflict between greed and fascination with Atahualpa's divinity, and the tragic demise of Inca civilization, framed by old Martin as narrator. Themes of ambition, faith, and colonial ruin dominate as Pizarro grapples with his conscience during debates on kingship and religion.