
New Books in Political Science Duncan Kelly, "Worlds of Wartime: The First World War and the Reconstruction of Modern Politics" (Oxford UP, 2025)
Jan 19, 2026
Duncan Kelly, a Politics Professor at the University of Cambridge, dives deep into his book exploring the intersection of the First World War and modern political thought. He discusses how wartime crises reshaped ideas from nationalism to Marxism and critiques the philosophical narratives that emerged. Kelly connects revolutionary movements across continents, from Ireland to India, while also examining the shift from open imperialism to closed geopolitics. He outlines how Wilsonian liberalism faced racial critiques, drawing links to modern economic thought and future projects.
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Ireland's Machiavellian Republican Turn
- Kelly recounts Ireland's revolutionary moment using Machiavelli to justify citizen militias over standing armies.
- He shows James Connolly viewing the war as proof of international socialism's failure and a chance for republican-socialist reconstruction.
Youthful Futurism Meets Ancient Legacies
- 'Young' movements reframed anti-imperial politics as both hyper-modern and ancient to reject Eurocentric progress narratives.
- They used futurism plus appeals to ancient civilizational legitimacy to reopen political possibility.
Theoretical Defeat, Political Surge
- Critiques of Marx's labour theory of value and Bernstein's revisionism reframed socialism as a movement, not inevitable collapse.
- Marginalist economics undermined Marxist foundations while Marxism gained political traction.



