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Rat Park Reframes Addiction
- Bruce Alexander's Rat Park showed rats in enriched environments avoided drug water and rarely overdosed.
- Johann Hari uses this to argue addiction is shaped far more by environment than by chemical hooks.
Connection, Not Sobriety, Is The Opposite
- Johann Hari states that the opposite of addiction is connection, not sobriety.
- He frames addiction, depression, and anxiety as rooted in severed social and meaningful ties.
Portugal Reconnected Addicts, Changed Outcomes
- Portugal decriminalized drugs and redirected funds into housing, jobs, and reconnection programs for addicts.
- The reforms produced large drops in injecting, overdoses, HIV transmission, and street crime.



