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Republican Momentum Reshaped Europe
- The French Revolution's momentum in 1794–95 flipped the strategic balance across Europe.
- Rapid republican gains forced coalition members to rethink costs and alliances.
Winter Offensive and Batavian Republic
- French winter offensive in 1794–95 exploited frozen Dutch waterways to bypass defenses.
- Patriots in Amsterdam welcomed French troops and proclaimed the Batavian Republic on January 19, 1795.
Satellite States Fueled French Power
- The Batavian Republic gave France naval power and crucial financial resources.
- France treated sister republics as dependent partners, keeping garrisons and extracting funds.