
New Books in Law David Garland, "Law and Order Leviathan: America’s Extraordinary Regime of Policing and Punishment" (Princeton UP, 2025)
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Nov 14, 2025 David Garland, a renowned criminologist and law professor, explores America’s unique approach to policing and punishment. He discusses how economic disparities and the legacy of the 1960s led to aggressive law enforcement and mass incarceration. Garland connects historical violence and concentrated poverty to high crime rates, arguing that America’s social fabric supports punitive policies. He emphasizes the need for reform, sharing examples of successful policy changes that could lead to a more equitable justice system.
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Mass Incarceration Is Historically Recent
- Mass incarceration is a recent phenomenon driven by policy shifts since the 1970s, not an immutable American constant.
- Incarceration rates surged from roughly 200 to over 700 per 100,000 between 1970s and 1990s.
Control Over Rehabilitation
- US criminal justice prioritizes incapacitation and control over rehabilitation or welfare-based responses.
- Policy focuses on keeping offenders off the streets through lengthy detention and strict supervision.
Penitentiary Origins And Evolution
- Early penitentiaries aimed for religious penitence and moral reform through isolation and labor.
- Twentieth-century rehabilitation shifted to secular social-work and psychological models before controlism rose again.








