Betwixt The Sheets: The History of Sex, Scandal & Society How to Survive as a Medieval Single Woman
Jan 6, 2026
Eleanor Janega, a medievalist and author, dives into the complex world of single women in the medieval era. She reveals how societal pressures forced many into marriage, often leading to public shame for those who remained single. Janega discusses the limited opportunities for work and the stigma attached to self-sufficient women. Highlighting fascinating records, she shares the risks of being labeled as 'suspect,' while exploring unconventional living arrangements. Ultimately, she posits that despite the challenges, some single women found refuge in nunneries and communal support.
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Shame As Primary Punishment
- Public shame was a primary medieval punishment for social offences like bad brewing.
- Ducking or 'cucking' stools began as a public chair of shame before becoming more violent later.
Bad Ale Exposes Women's Work
- Eleanor recounts women getting fined or publicly shamed when their business displeased neighbours.
- These legal traces often reveal single women's economic roles and livelihoods.
Work Options For Single Women
- Single women had real work options: guild-linked trades, household service, and washerwomen roles.
- Janega emphasises medieval labour was feminised and many women worked outside marriage.
