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Army Became The State In Saint-Domingue
- Toussaint Louverture built a militarized state that used the army as both administrator and enforcer.
- He divided Saint-Domingue into military jurisdictions, gave officers civilian titles, and used soldiers to enforce labor codes and plantation order.
Emancipation With Military Labor Discipline
- Louverture enforced labor discipline that resembled military rules, limiting cultivators' freedom despite formal emancipation.
- His October 1800 labor code forbade leaving plantations without permission and bound overseers and field workers to soldierlike submission.
Santo Domingo Annexed Without Paris Approval
- Toussaint annexed Spanish Santo Domingo in 1801 and extended his authority across Hispaniola.
- Moïse led a large expedition east, taking the Spanish garrison after minimal resistance and bringing the island under Louverture's control.