Emancipations Podcast

Critical Theory After Habermas (feat. Philipp Felsch)

Mar 13, 2026
Philipp Felsch, an intellectual historian at Humboldt University who writes on Nietzsche and Habermas, unpacks Jürgen Habermas’s life and thought. He traces Habermas’s Frankfurt School roots and his shift from Marxism to theories of communication. They explore the origins of the public sphere, debates with Foucault, Habermas’s role in German public life, and recent controversies around his stance on Gaza.
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ANECDOTE

Habermas Invented The Public Sphere Concept

  • Habermas's The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962) invented the modern concept of a public sphere as written, deliberative exchange in 18th‑century journals.
  • German 1968 activists used it to critique mass media and tabloid power, notably the Springer press and Bild.
INSIGHT

Ideal Speech Situation Has Two Competing Readings

  • The ideal speech situation admits two readings: Hegelian (historical/dialectical emancipation) and Kantian (transcendental condition of honest interaction).
  • Habermas shifted toward the Kantian reading over time, alienating critics who wanted a dialectical emancipatory project.
ANECDOTE

Negt And Kluge Exposed Class Limits Of Habermas's Public Sphere

  • Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge critiqued Habermas for describing a bourgeois public sphere that excludes proletarian voices, using associative, image‑rich books to make their point.
  • Their work emphasized class exclusion and provided sociological evidence against Habermas's universal claims.
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