The Kenwood Institute Podcast Reformed Theology | Session 11: Solus Christus Part 2 | Michael Carlino
Mar 11, 2026
Michael Carlino, a doctoral student and instructor in Reformed theology, leads a session on Solus Christus focusing on Christ's active obedience (perfect law-keeping) and passive obedience (bearing penalty). He traces biblical proofs, explains imputation and federal headship using Romans 5, contrasts Reformed views with Roman Catholic ideas, and explores Gethsemane, the cup of wrath, and the unity of Christ's obedience and suffering.
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Active Obedience Means Christ Kept the Law for Us
- Christ's active obedience means he perfectly kept God's law throughout his life, providing righteousness for sinners by crediting that obedience to them.
- Michael Carlino ties this to Hebrews 4:15 and the Adam-Christ federal head parallel showing Jesus' life fulfilled what Adam failed to do.
Passive Obedience Is Christ Bearing God's Curse
- The passive obedience is Christ receiving the curse and penalty for our failures, distinct yet inseparable from his active obedience.
- Turretin is quoted to show Scripture treats Christ's obedience as one unique work that both satisfies law and pays redemption's price.
Romans 5 Shows Federal Headship In Adam and Christ
- Romans 5 frames Adam as federal head whose trespass brings condemnation, and Christ as the federal head whose one act of righteousness brings justification to those who receive it.
- Carlino emphasizes 'all' and 'many' covenantally: benefits go to those in Christ by faith.