Immune Immune 98: T cells on the brain
Nov 25, 2025
Discover how cross-reactive antibodies may offer protection against avian influenza. Learn about gut-derived T cells in the brain that influence eating behaviors. Delve into their roles in steady-state regions like the subfornical organ and how diet changes impact these T cells. The discussion also highlights the intricate connection between the gut microbiome and brain immunity, revealing the complexities of T cell trafficking and their potential effects on behavior. Packed with cutting-edge research and intriguing insights!
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Fc Effector Functions Mediate Protection
- HB420 protected mice from H3N2 fully and partially protected against H5N1 NA-bearing viruses.
- Protection against H5N1 required Fc effector functions rather than neutralization.
SFO Is Enriched For Extravascular CD4 T Cells
- The subfornical organ (SFO) hosts CD4 T cells in brain parenchyma distinct from vasculature-associated cells.
- The SFO and choroid plexus showed the highest densities of extravascular T cells in mice and humans.
Brain T Cells Show Resident TH1-Like Phenotype
- SFO T cells express tissue-residency markers (e.g., CXCR6) and TH1 signatures like IFNγ at steady state.
- They also express inhibitory receptors, suggesting poised but regulated effector potential.