
Wonder Cabinet Caroline Winterer: Dinosaurs, Deep Time and the American Soul
Apr 25, 2026
Caroline Winterer, Stanford historian of early American ideas and author of How the New World Became Old, explores how dinosaur discoveries plunged Americans into deep time. She traces how fossils reshaped national identity, mingled with faith, fueled expansionist myths, and later reframed responsibility in the Anthropocene. Short, surprising links between wonder, science, and power emerge throughout.
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Deep Time Enlarged God In Victorian Imagination
- Early Americans reconciled deep time with faith by framing vast geological ages as an even more majestic expression of God's creation.
- Clergy and popular writers described trilobites, coal forests, and dinosaurs as successive divine acts, enlarging God's handiwork.
Darwin Sparked The Fundamentalist Response
- Darwin's Origin of Species introduced non-teleological gradual change, troubling believers and fueling the rise of fundamentalism.
- Responding to Darwin, many Protestants embraced a short chronology to preserve a purposeful, God-directed history.
Strata Became Evidence Of American Divine Favor
- Deep time was repurposed into a teleological American narrative linking geology to manifest destiny and divine favor.
- Americans read strata as evidence that the continent and its resources were God-given signs of national preeminence.




