This Is Hell!

World War X / Alex De Waal

Mar 4, 2026
Alex De Waal, director of the World Peace Foundation and scholar of famine, conflict, and pandemics, discusses his 'World War X' series. He maps how kleptocratic empires, political money, tax havens, and globalized corruption entangle local wars. He connects mediation norms, legal limits on strikes, and why financial power reshapes modern conflict.
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ANECDOTE

Near Miss Leaving Qatar Before Strike

  • Alex de Waal narrowly escaped being stuck in Qatar as tensions rose before the U.S. strike on Iran.
  • He attended the Qatar Mediation Forum and left just before news broke that President Trump had ordered strikes and killed Iran's leadership.
INSIGHT

World War X As Kleptocratic Global Contest

  • World War X reframes modern conflict as kleptocratic competition where money, bribery, and corporate-style operations replace classic territorial wars.
  • De Waal compares today's geocleptocracy to the East India Company model: private profit-driven armed actors shaping global power.
INSIGHT

Political Money Undermines Traditional Mediation

  • Political money now sustains warlords and undermines traditional mediation formulas, making peacemaking harder.
  • De Waal argues abundant political cash lets elites choose violence or peace based on profit, not public settlement.
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