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Fans' Proximity Shapes Home Advantage
- Home-field advantage in soccer is strongly linked to how close fans are to the pitch.
- Referees add more stoppage time that favors the home team when fans sit closer to influence decisions.
Stoppage Time Reveals Referee Bias
- Researchers measured referees' influence by comparing added stoppage time across stadium types.
- More added minutes favored trailing home teams when fans sat closer without a surrounding track.
Penalty Kicks Fit Game Theory Perfectly
- Penalty kicks map well to two-player game theory because both players move simultaneously.
- Empirical data show players' choices largely match game-theory predictions.