In Our Time Conductors and Semiconductors
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Feb 23, 2012 Explore the evolution of electricity, from ancient Greeks to modern technology like transistors and superconductors. Learn about conductors, insulators, and semiconductors and their role in generating electrical current. Discover the wonders of superconductors with zero resistance and unique properties. Trace the history of semiconductors from transistors to optical communications and their impact on technology. Dive into the applications of superconductivity in areas like magnetic field detection and the Large Hadron Collider.
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Energy Bands in Solids
- In solids, electron orbitals combine and form bands of allowed energy levels and band gaps with none.
- The highest occupied energy band and its electrons determine the material's electrical properties.
Insulators
- Insulators have a full electron band with a large energy gap, preventing electron movement.
- Examples include ceramics, glass, and diamond.
Conductors
- Conductors, primarily metals, have partially filled electron bands, allowing electrons to move freely.
- Applying a voltage creates an electric force, causing electrons to flow as current.