Bilahari Kausikan on Why Competition is the Natural State of the World

As great power rivalry deepens, old assumptions are crumbling and the rules of the international order are up for renegotiation. This moment demands a more clear-eyed realism—one that sees the world not as we wish it to be, but as it is.

Today, the US-China rivalry is reshaping the global order, while the institutions meant to stabilize the world seem increasingly brittle. Europe is lagging behind, Russia is resurgent, and the Indo-Pacific is a theater of shadow conflict. Middle powers are hedging as they try to avoid choosing sides. How do we make sense of all this?

In this episode of The Great Power Show, I speak to former Singaporean diplomat Bilahari Kausikan, who is among the world’s most incisive geopolitical thinkers. We discuss the return of great power politics, the failure of diplomacy to keep up with structural shifts in power, and why Southeast Asia’s experience navigating external pressures holds broader lessons for the world.

From American unpredictability to China’s coercive diplomacy, from the trappings of multipolarity to the dangers of moral grandstanding, this conversation challenges comfortable assumptions, and asks what it really takes to survive and thrive in a world where competition, not cooperation, is the natural state of affairs.

I hope you enjoy this conversation. Please make sure to like and share the episode. If you would like to support the show or the I do, please do reach out to me.

About: The Great Power Show is a bi-weekly podcast featuring candid conversations and thought-provoking interviews with leading scholars, thinkers and practitioners on the geopolitical and geo-economic changes shaping our world.