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Emparan's Return And Ties To Bolívar's Circle
- Vicente Emparan was a well-liked, enlightened career soldier appointed captain general of Venezuela and crossed allegiance to Ferdinand.
- He arrived in Caracas May 1809 with inspector Fernando del Toro on his staff, linking him to Simon Bolívar's circle.
Exclusion Drove Early Rebellions
- Regions denied representation—Upper Peru and Quito—became the vanguard of rebellion in 1809.
- Both had long autonomy and resented exclusion, making them first to declare juntas in mid-1809.
Chuquisaca's First Cry For Liberty
- In Chuquisaca local audiencia members arrested the intendant and bishop and formed an independent junta on May 25–26, 1809.
- That action is locally remembered as the 'first cry for liberty'.