HIST 119: The Civil War and Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877

Lecture 5 - Telling a Free Story: Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad in Myth and Reality

Aug 19, 2017
A lively tour of slave narratives, especially Frederick Douglass’s use of language and metaphor to claim freedom. Discussion of abolitionism’s evolution, from colonization to radical immediatism and Garrison’s principles. Exploration of reform culture, British influence, and the realities versus myths of fugitives and the Underground Railroad.
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INSIGHT

Antebellum Reform Fueled Abolitionist Energy

  • Antebellum reform ferment (1820s–1850s) produced multiple movements, from temperance to utopian communities, shaping early abolitionism's context.
  • Emerson's reformer idea captured the era's moral energy that propelled small but influential abolitionist groups.
INSIGHT

Small Numbers, Outsized Abolitionist Influence

  • Abolitionists remained a small minority in the North, perhaps never more than ~15%, yet exerted influence far beyond their numbers.
  • Their power came from concentrated activism: newspapers, petitions, and organized societies rather than mass popular support.
INSIGHT

Constitutional Complicity Made Abolition Extra‑Legal

  • American anti-slavery had to confront the Constitution's compromises like the Three-Fifths and Fugitive Slave clauses.
  • That constitutional complicity meant effective abolitionism often required extra-legal action and breaking existing law.
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