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Sonthonax's Self-Styled Savior Role
- Étienne Polverel's successor Sonthonax returned to power as governor and clashed with Toussaint.
- Sonthonax saw himself as the "savior of the black race" but did not treat blacks as equals.
Ruler On The Road
- Toussaint became de facto ruler, combining military reach with civic engagement across Haiti.
- He held daily audiences, used Creole and French to connect with different groups, and built popular loyalty.
Exports Collapsed, Money Lost Value
- Haiti's export economy collapsed with coffee at 2.8% and sugar at 1.2% of prewar levels.
- In many regions, money lost utility as survival needs outran market trade.