In Our Time: Philosophy Pascal
Sep 19, 2013
Michela Massimi, a Senior Lecturer in the Philosophy of Science, sheds light on Pascal's groundbreaking work in probability theory and geometry. Michael Moriarty, a Drapers Professor of French, discusses Pascal's family background and deep religious convictions. David Wootton, an Anniversary Professor of History, provides context on Pascal's innovative experiments in vacuums and his philosophical insights. Together, they explore the intricate balance between science, faith, and moral thought that defines Pascal’s enduring legacy.
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Pascal's Vacuum Discoveries
- Pascal's experiments proved the existence of vacuum and atmospheric pressure, challenging Cartesian physics.
- His work laid foundations for barometers and understanding pressure in fluids, transforming experimental science.
Pascal's Scientific Approach
- Pascal separated science from metaphysics, advocating progress through experiment not appeal to authority or a priori reasoning.
- He saw science as provisional, ever-improving knowledge unlike unchanging religious truth.
Pascal and Fermat's Probability Foundations
- Pascal co-developed probability theory with Fermat, solving the 'problem of points' in gambling.
- He introduced expected value, foundational for decision-making under uncertainty spanning business to insurance.