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Surrender And Regrant Clashed With Gaelic Law
- Tudor policy alternated between accommodation and conquest, aiming to make Ireland English by surrender and regrant or by force.
- Surrender and regrant collided with Brehon law where land belonged to the sept, not individuals, creating legal impossibilities.
Rebels Often Started As Crown Collaborators
- Many Irish leaders who later rebelled had earlier cooperated with English rule; rebellion was often driven by loss of status, ambition, or fear of English administration.
- Hugh O'Neill and others oscillated between service at English court and eventual revolt.
Land Use Arguments Fueled Plantation Policy
- English reformers framed Gaelic pastoralism as underuse to justify annexation and plantations.
- They saw summer cattle transhumance and scrubland as wasted arable, using 'improvement' as a pretext for colonisation.