New Books in Economic and Business History

Doug Crandell, "Twenty-Two Cents an Hour: Disability Rights and the Fight to End Subminimum Wages" (Cornell UP, 2022)

Mar 21, 2026
Doug Crandell, disability advocate and University of Georgia public service faculty, probes subminimum wages and the politics that sustain them. He contrasts public perception with abusive workplaces, traces legal and historical battles, and discusses advocacy tactics, inclusive employment alternatives, and reasons for cautious optimism.
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INSIGHT

Benevolence Masking Cheap Labor

  • Americans assume large nonprofits like Goodwill are benevolent while those organizations often run segregated low-pay programs that benefit financially from cheap labor.
  • Doug Crandell cites a FOIA finding that some executives earn $400k–$600k while lowest-paid workers earned about $0.22/hour, exposing a systemic gap.
INSIGHT

Christmas In Purgatory Shifted Policy

  • Burton Blatt's covert photos in Christmas in Purgatory revealed institutional conditions and helped trigger deinstitutionalization and community-based funding reforms.
  • Blatt's work reframed people with intellectual disabilities as educable, raising expectations and policy change.
INSIGHT

Language Cloaks Employer Responsibility

  • Language and branding (Hope Haven Industries, community rehabilitation program) cloak segregated work and obscure whether organizations are employers or service providers.
  • That ambiguity allows billing for supports while also paying subminimum wages and avoiding employer protections like OSHA.
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