
New Books in Political Science Andrew Thomas Park, "Sarah Wambaugh and the Plebiscite: The Turbulent History of a Democratic Alternative to War" (Cambridge UP, 2026)
Apr 7, 2026
Dr. Andrew Thomas Park, historian of international relations and author of Sarah Wambaugh and the Plebiscite, explores the rise, regulation, and decline of plebiscites in the early 20th century. Short accounts cover Wambaugh’s reform program for neutral, international oversight; dramatic case studies like Upper Silesia, Tacna-Arica, and the Saar; and how violence, diplomacy, and legal change erased plebiscite prestige.
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How Wambaugh Became The Plebiscite Expert
- Sarah Wambaugh moved from US suffrage activism to studying plebiscites after exposure in the Women's Peace Party and writing a thousand-page Monograph on Plebiscites by 1918.
- Her father's Harvard law background and her Radcliffe education shaped her expertise and launched her archival career on plebiscites.
Why Plebiscites Flourished After World War I
- Post–World War I revolutionary fervor and leaders' rhetorical embrace of self-determination created fertile ground for plebiscites at the Paris Peace Conference.
- Planners used plebiscites instrumentally to break diplomatic impasses rather than as carefully designed democratic tools.
When Plebiscites Escalated Into Violence
- Several postwar plebiscites turned violent: Upper Silesia descended into near-war requiring 30,000 allied troops, and the Teschen plebiscite was canceled amid bombings and railway sabotage.
- These disasters severely damaged the plebiscite's reputation among statesmen.


