On Humans Climate, Water, and the Origins of Colonialism ~ Tirthankar Roy
Jul 19, 2025
Tirthankar Roy, a Professor at the London School of Economics and author of 'The Origins of Colonialism', delves into the intricate relationship between climate and colonialism. He argues that European powers initially focused on trade over governance, with local environmental factors playing crucial roles. Discussing British dominance in India, Roy highlights the strategic importance of coastal regions and how access to water shaped agriculture and state stability. He connects these insights to broader colonial dynamics, revealing the complexities of imperialism across Asia and Africa.
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Climate Shapes Inland vs Coast
- Inland tropical zones had high agricultural output but extreme risks due to monsoon dependence.
- Coastal regions enjoyed more stable water access, reducing risk and supporting sustained commercial hubs.
Local Intermediaries Enabled Expansion
- Indian merchants and bankers were vital intermediaries aiding European companies.
- Europeans relied extensively on local networks for strategic and commercial intelligence inland.
Military Power Emerged Gradually
- Military development started as proxy involvement in local conflicts.
- Over decades, the European companies built effective paid armies loyal to themselves.
