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Tom Griffiths, "The Laws of Thought: The Quest for a Mathematical Theory of the Mind" (Henry Holt and Co., 2026)

Feb 4, 2026
Tom Griffiths, cognitive scientist and head of Princeton’s AI Lab, explores three mathematical approaches to thought: rules and symbols, neural networks, and probability. He traces the history from Boole and Turing to modern deep learning. The conversation touches on behaviorism, language, graded mental spaces, and why current AI systems differ from human minds.
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ANECDOTE

Boole: Schoolteacher Who Founded Logic

  • George Boole, a schoolteacher, invented an algebra that formalized logical reasoning and revived Aristotle's syllogisms.
  • His algebra became the foundation for mathematical logic and later computing.
ANECDOTE

1956 Symposium Sparked Cognitive Science

  • The 1956 Symposium on Information Theory gathered Miller, Simon, Newell, and Chomsky and catalyzed cognitive science.
  • That meeting showed mathematics could rigorously frame hypotheses about minds and language.
INSIGHT

From Logic To Working Computers

  • Turing, Shannon, and von Neumann turned logical ideas into concrete computing machines and circuits.
  • Their work bridged abstract computation and physical programmable computers.
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