Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley

Written in epistolary form, the novel tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a brilliant and ambitious scientist who, driven by Enlightenment-era ideas of progress and science, creates a living being from dead body parts. However, upon seeing the creature come to life, Frankenstein is horrified and abandons it. The creature, shunned by society due to its appearance, seeks revenge against its creator, leading to a series of tragic events. The novel explores themes of guilt, loss, and the emotional and moral consequences of scientific hubris, blending elements of Gothic and Romantic literature.

Published in 1667, 'Paradise Lost' is an epic poem in blank verse that follows the biblical story of the Fall of Man. The poem begins in medias res, detailing the descent of Satan and his followers into Hell after their rebellion against God. It explores two main narrative arcs: one focusing on Satan's actions and the other on Adam and Eve's story in the Garden of Eden. The poem delves into themes such as free will, obedience, revenge, and pride, and it portrays the complex characters of Satan, Adam, and Eve. Milton's work is known for its rich language, classical structure, and profound theological and philosophical insights.

Published in 1764, 'The Castle of Otranto' is considered the first Gothic novel. The story revolves around Manfred, the lord of the Castle of Otranto, whose son Conrad is killed by a giant helmet on the day of his wedding to Isabella. This event triggers a series of supernatural occurrences and human tragedies, driven by an ancient prophecy that threatens Manfred's lineage. The novel explores themes of horror, fate, and the fragility of human connections, blending medieval and modern literary motifs. It was initially presented as a translation of an ancient Italian manuscript but was later acknowledged as a modern creation by Walpole.