The Space Show Presents Jatan Mehta On The Indian Space Program

The Space Show Presents JATAN MEHTA, Friday, Jan. 2, 2026

Quick Summary:

Our conversation with our guest from India focused heavily on India’s space program, including its current capabilities, future plans, and comparisons with other countries’ space programs, particularly regarding lunar exploration and human spaceflight initiatives. The conversation ended with discussions about potential new content initiatives and program updates, including plans for future space coverage and the need for financial support to maintain operations.

Detailed Summary:

I welcomed Jatan to the meeting and also AJ who would act as co-host for today’s one hour program. We began with casual conversation about travel and the history of Mumbai’s name change from Bombay, which was explained as part of a nationwide effort to revert to indigenous names. Bill joined the call and mentioned not receiving Jatan’s newsletter for a few weeks, which Jatan confirmed was being sent but might be ending up in spam folders. David introduced plans to discuss Jatan’s newsletter and work, as well as questions about the Indian space program.

Jatan Mehta, a space writer and journalist, discussed his work covering moon missions and India’s space activities. He explained the origins and goals of his newsletter Moon Monday, which archives moon mission developments, and his Indian Space newsletter, which provides a holistic view of India’s space activities. Jatan also mentioned his poetry on space exploration, which he recently published to celebrate milestones in his career.

Jatan explained his focus on the Moon rather than Mars, citing existing extensive coverage of Mars and his goal to provide unique value through his independent writing. He discussed his passive approach to educational outreach, including speaking to students across various age groups in India about space exploration. Jatan also shared his experience writing poetry sporadically and expressed his inability to teach poetry due to lack of formal training. David, on behalf of John Jossy who was not with us today, inquired about India’s space program, asking if Jatan believed it would be driven primarily by the private sector or government.

Jatan explained that while the private sector in India’s space industry is growing, ISRO will remain the dominant player for the foreseeable future, similar to NASA’s role in the US space program. He noted that the 2023 National Space Policy emphasizes ISRO’s role in cutting-edge R&D for space exploration, while private players focus on production. Regarding India’s human spaceflight program, Jatan reported that while the original 2025 target was missed, the program is making progress with the LVM3 launch vehicle now human-rated, and three uncrewed tests are planned before human missions begin, with a target launch date of late 2027.

The discussion focused on India’s space program, particularly the Gagan Yan (Sky Craft) program for astronauts, where Jatan explained that the initial capsule will carry two Gaganyatris (sky-farers) for the first few missions, with plans to expand to three astronauts later. Jatan clarified that while Gagan Yan refers to spacecraft, the upcoming space station will be called The Bharatiya Antariksh Station(BAS). When asked about India’s progress compared to China, Jatan acknowledged that China has surpassed both India and the US in recent moon missions, though India’s program remains significant with plans for a space station by 2035.

Jatan mentioned that India’s space program, noting that while India and China were neck and neck in space capabilities in the 1990s and early 2000s, China has since surpassed both India and the US in certain areas due to a larger budget. He explained that India’s space budget of approximately $1.5 billion USD over the past five years is less than a tenth of NASA’s budget, limiting its ability to catch up in all areas. However, Jatan emphasized that India is prioritizing certain key areas, such as the Moon, with plans for a sample return mission in 2028. He also highlighted the importance of political support and policy excitement in driving progress in India’s space program.

India’s space program aims to achieve several key milestones over the next 5-10 years, including the Chandrayaan 4 and 5 missions, collaboration with Japan for a lunar rover, and the development of a human spaceflight program with a space station module by the end of the decade. The country is also working on upgrading its LVM3 rocket to a semi-cryogenic engine and developing the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) for heavy-lift capabilities by 2032-2034. Long-term goals include expanding India’s regional NAVIC navigation constellation, conducting a Venus orbiter mission in 2028, and sending an Indian astronaut to the moon by 2040.

The discussion focused on India’s space program and its development of reusable rockets. Jatan explained that while India has received some technology assistance from Russia, it doesn’t have the same level of partnership as China’s with Russia. He noted that India’s current rockets are not designed for reusability, but the upcoming NGLV rocket will have a reusable booster stage. The group discussed India’s decision not to pursue a super-heavy lift rocket, instead opting to develop a heavy upper stage that can be launched multiple times and docked in orbit. Jatan emphasized that while reusable rockets would be beneficial, India’s focus has been on addressing a backlog of existing missions and developing new launch capabilities.

Jatan discussed his top lunar coverage stories from 2025, highlighting three key pieces: covering lunar sample science updates from China’s Chang’e 5 and 6 missions, his year-end summary on Moon Monday that reviewed both successes and failures in lunar exploration, and an analysis piece on the current orbital capabilities of various countries, particularly focusing on the US’s lack of modern lunar orbiters and the importance of understanding lunar water ice for future human missions.

Jatan explained that Indian space mission budgets are allocated on a year-by-year basis, unlike NASA’s multi-year planning, and described how infrastructure costs are incorporated into mission budgets differently between the two countries. He outlined his plans for 2026, including covering moon missions weekly, publishing additional space-related booklets, and tracking developments in India’s Gaganyaan program and semi-cryogenic engine upgrade for LVM3. Jatan emphasized his commitment to keeping his space coverage and publications free to access through sponsorships and expressed excitement about upcoming missions including Chang’e 7 and Intuitive Machines’ third lunar landing mission.

This part of the program primarily focused on a discussion about potentially establishing a “Mars Tuesday” to complement “Moon Monday,” though Jatan noted this would be more feasible in the future, possibly during the Moon-to-Mars transition. Jatan shared his background in astrophysics and his shift to space communication, emphasizing his interest in bridging the gap between researchers and the public. David made announcements about upcoming programs, guest suggestions, and the need for donations to support the space show’s operations, while also inviting major donors to join the advisory board. The conversation ended with plans for Ajay to share updates about his talks in India on the next Sunday’s show.

Special thanks to our sponsors: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless Entertainment

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