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Pure Substances vs Mixtures
- Pure substances are elements (one atom type) or compounds (fixed atomic ratios).
- Most everyday materials and air are mixtures, physically blended but not chemically bonded.
Physical vs Chemical Properties and Changes
- Physical properties can be observed without chemical change; chemical properties appear only during reactions.
- Physical changes alter state or shape; chemical changes alter atomic composition or bonding.
Conservation of Matter in Reactions
- Matter is conserved in chemical reactions; atom number stays constant though arrangements change.
- Mass seems lost in burning but is converted into gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor escaping.