
New Books in World Affairs Allison Carnegie and Richard Clark, "Global Governance Under Fire: How International Organizations Resist the Populist Wave" (Princeton UP, 2026)
Mar 2, 2026
Richard Clark, assistant professor at Notre Dame focused on international organizations and populism. Allison Carnegie, Columbia professor studying global governance. They discuss how IOs actively resist populist attacks. They outline four defensive strategies and trade-offs. They describe methods and practical steps IOs can take to protect multilateral institutions.
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IOs Operate With Real Bureaucratic Autonomy
- International organizations are autonomous bureaucracies with staff who can pursue institutional survival even against hostile member states.
- Allison Carnegie and Richard Clark found IO staff have distance and incentives to act even when powerful states oppose the institution, enabling independent action.
Four Defensive Moves IOs Use Against Populists
- IOs deploy four defensive strategies: appease leaders, appease domestic publics, sideline leaders, and operate secretly to sideline publics.
- NATO's Sweden/Finland accession shows NATO simultaneously appeased Turkey with counterterrorism steps, isolated it diplomatically, used public Twitter messaging, and held closed meetings.
NATO Juggled Concessions And Isolation Over Sweden And Finland
- NATO offered tangible concessions to Turkey while simultaneously isolating and publicly campaigning for its own position.
- NATO strengthened anti-terror laws, hired coordinators, withheld invitations, tweeted prolifically, and held private meetings to defuse the blockage to Finland and Sweden joining.

