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Dutch Country Trade Strategy
- The Dutch adapted the Portuguese intra-Asia trade strategy, using specie to trade within Asia and raise capital.
- This 'country trade' involved complex regional exchanges, supporting their expansive spice and goods trade.
Dutch Control of Spice Islands
- The Dutch advanced beyond the Portuguese by conquering and controlling key spice-producing islands.
- Their strategy was partly brutal but varied, adapting to local powers and politics across Asia.
Asian Sovereignty in Trade
- China strictly controlled foreign trade, limiting Europeans to a single port and monitoring them closely.
- The Europeans respected Chinese authority, reflecting Asian dominance in trade areas like China and Japan.