
HistoryExtra podcast The rise and fall of the Sikh empire
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Oct 5, 2020 Historian Priya Atwal, an expert on modern South Asian history and author of a book on the Sikh empire, delves into the intriguing rise and fall of this significant historical power. She discusses Ranjit Singh's strategic alliances with the British, his cultural patronage that sparked a renaissance in Punjab, and the critical political roles women played. Atwal also challenges the simplistic narratives of the empire's collapse, highlighting internal conflicts and British imperial policies, while reflecting on Sikh identity and history today.
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A Sikh State That Was Religiously Plural
- The kingdom styled itself with Sikh institutions and rhetoric but ruled a majority Hindu and Muslim population.
- Ranjit Singh patronised Sikh religion while employing Hindus and Muslims across court, army and marriage alliances.
Social And Cultural Flourishing Under Ranjit Singh
- Beyond military success, Ranjit Singh promoted education, arts and public building projects across Punjab.
- He established primary education region-wide and lavishly funded culture, temples and mosques, creating a golden-age feel.
A Calculated Friendship With The British
- Ranjit Singh cultivated a strategic alliance with the East India Company, preferring partnership over enmity.
- The British viewed him as a valuable but competitive friend and sought to keep him onside against other regional threats.


