Empire: World History 120. The Iranian Revolution: The Rise of Ayatollah Khomeini
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Feb 6, 2024 
In this insightful discussion, Ali Ansari, a Professor of Iranian Studies at the University of St. Andrews, unpacks the tumultuous era leading to the Iranian Revolution. He highlights the stark economic disparities exacerbated by the Shah's modernization efforts and rampant inflation. The rise of Ayatollah Khomeini as a voice for the discontented masses is examined, revealing how his vision clashed with the entrenched elite. Attention is also drawn to the opulent 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire, which starkly illustrated the disconnect fueling revolutionary fervor.
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Shah's Father Complex
- The Shah's desire for his father's approval influenced his governing style.
- His father believed that strong central authority was necessary for Iran, though not necessarily autocracy.
Torture Under the Shahs
- Under Reza Shah, torture of political prisoners was outlawed, considered "the modern thing to do".
- However, torture was reintroduced under Mohammad Reza Shah, possibly to impress the Americans with his anti-communist efforts.
Savak's Torture Methods
- Savak, the Shah's secret police, used various torture methods, from beatings and electric shocks to psychological torment.
- One incident involved placing a dissident in a cage with a bear to instill fear, though physical harm was supposedly avoided.