The Thomistic Institute Aquinas and Luther on Justification I Dr. Nathaniel Peters
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Aug 8, 2025 
Dr. Nathaniel Peters, Director of the Morningside Institute, illuminates the theological clash between Martin Luther and Thomas Aquinas on justification. He thoroughly investigates how Aquinas views grace as essential for merit, contrasting it with Luther's focus on faith alone. The discussion reveals how Aquinas balances justice and mercy while Luther emphasizes a personal transformation. Peters dives into complex concepts of righteousness, showcasing the profound implications for understanding faith and salvation.
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Grace As Infused Habit
- Aquinas treats grace as an infused habitual gift shaping the soul.
- Grace heals wounds and gives capacities for supernatural acts.
Grace As Formative Quality
- Aquinas compares grace to a quality like whiteness that shapes the soul.
- Grace functions as a formal cause making virtuous acts easier and natural.
Types Of Grace Explained
- Aquinas divides grace into habitual, actual, operative, and cooperative types.
- Habitual grace heals while actual grace prompts and actualizes virtuous acts.
