
New Books in British Studies Duncan Kelly, "Worlds of Wartime: The First World War and the Reconstruction of Modern Politics" (Oxford UP, 2025)
Jan 19, 2026
Duncan Kelly, a Professor of Politics at the University of Cambridge, provides a rich exploration of political and economic ideas shaped by the First World War. He delves into Ilya Alévy's concept of the war as a world crisis, and the intellectual debates around Kantian republicanism. Kelly connects Irish republicanism to Machiavelli while critiquing the failures of international socialism amidst the war. He discusses the emergence of anti-imperial futurism and the nuances of early neoliberalism, all framed within the complexities of modern political thought.
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Ireland's Machiavellian Moment
- Kelly recounts Ireland's 'Machiavellian moment' where republicans favored citizen militias over standing armies as anti-imperial strategy.
- He notes James Connolly used republicanism to recast labour as a source of freedom after the failure of international socialism during WWI.
Young Movements Rebrand Antiquity As Modern
- 'Young' movements (Young Turk, Young Asia) used the trope of youth to repudiate imperial 'old' politics while recasting ancient civilizations as modern foundations.
- These movements fused futurism with claims of deep antiquity to challenge Eurocentric development narratives.
Why Labour Theory Lost Intellectual Ground
- Critics like Bernstein challenged Marx's labour theory of value and inevitability of collapse, arguing socialism should be an ethical, gradual movement.
- Marginalist economists countered by grounding value in individual preferences, undermining Marxist foundations even as Marxism gained political traction.





