Making Markets

Keone Hon: How Blockchains Work: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana - [Web3 Breakdowns, EP.63]

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Mar 24, 2023
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INSIGHT

Bitcoin As A Shared Playground Scoreboard

  • Bitcoin is a decentralized scoreboard where everyone agrees on balances through checkpoints referenced to prior checkpoints.
  • Checkpoint producers are incentivized to be honest because invalid checkpoints are ignored by others.
INSIGHT

Proof-of-Work Is A Lottery With Incentives

  • Proof-of-work uses compute (hashing) as a probabilistic way to choose who writes the next checkpoint.
  • Honest producers earn rewards over time while losers pay operational costs, aligning incentives.
INSIGHT

Majority Control Enables Reorgs And Rollbacks

  • A 51% attack lets majority block producers reorder or exclude transactions, causing rollbacks and double-spend risks.
  • The system defends by others building chains that ignore malicious checkpoints and revert invalid ones.
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