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Unequal Development Fuels Poverty
- Xinjiang and Tibet remain among China's poorest regions, with poverty linked to systemic issues.
- Development mainly benefits Han migrants and state enterprises, leaving rural Uyghurs relatively impoverished.
Structural Barriers Hurt Uyghurs' Economy
- Reforms focus on big projects favoring Han, excluding Uyghurs from development and good jobs.
- Structural employment discrimination and hukou policies exacerbate poverty and limit Uyghur mobility.
Coercive Nature of Forced Labor
- Forced labor involves coerced and controlled employment, including dormitory living and movement restrictions.
- State campaigns pressure villagers, especially young women, into factory work with threats of re-education for noncompliance.


