The Age of Napoleon Podcast Episode 54: The New Covenant
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Jul 23, 2019 Napoleon consolidates power after forming a new government and becomes dictator of France through an undemocratic referendum. The episode explores the authoritarian nature of the draft constitution, Napoleon's political maneuvering, and the manipulated results of the controversial referendum. It also discusses the loyalty and downfall of Cíaz, highlighting the power dynamics between him and Napoleon.
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How Napoleon Seized Drafting Control
- Napoleon used charm, patience, and bursts of temper to dominate constitution drafting and concentrate power in the First Consul.
- He exploited youth and energy to outlast older politicians and rout opposition in committees.
Executive Power Without Checks
- The Consulate Constitution centralized executive authority with almost no legislative oversight.
- First Consul controlled foreign policy, military, appointments, and enforcement without legislative checks.
Staged Midnight Selection
- At midnight in the Luxembourg Palace the committee performed a symbolic ballot to select three consuls, a staged ritual rather than a genuine vote.
- Napoleon then forced C.S. to publicly name him First Consul, neutralizing a rival with a smile.