Introduction

Fracture healing involves a complex and sequential set of events to restore injured bone to the pre-fracture condition. Stem cells are crucial to the fracture repair process, and the periosteom and endosteom are the two major sources. The modes of bone healing include primary bone healing with the strain less than 2% and secondary bone healing with a strain between 2 to 10%. Bone healing may also occur as a combination of the two processes depending on the stability throughout the construct.