Why Hormuz closure surprised markets

This week we were thrilled to welcome back Captain John Konrad, Founder and CEO of gCaptain and author of Fire on the Horizon. With the shipping situation in the Middle East rapidly evolving, John was the perfect expert to help us think through the many angles of this complex and multifaceted situation. As you will hear, this episode runs longer than our standard sixty minutes given the scope of the discussion.
 
In our conversation, John shares his perspective on how the Strait of Hormuz crisis fits into a broader and longer-running pattern of maritime disruption, naval vulnerability, and rising geopolitical risk. He argues that the key issue is not whether the U.S. anticipated this scenario, but how difficult it is to reopen a chokepoint like Hormuz when insurance markets, shipowner behavior, naval constraints, and broader strategic calculations all intersect. We explore the importance of war-risk insurance and tanker availability, and why “hulls in the water” may be one of the most underappreciated variables in the global energy system today.
 
John walks us through the cascading implications for LNG, fertilizer, desalination, and refined product markets, along with the growing regional fragmentation of energy prices as flows are disrupted. We discuss the role of operational surprise, the limits of European naval capacity, the complications associated with coalition rules of engagement, and why recent U.S. military effectiveness may, in part, reflect a more unilateral operating approach. We examine the broader maritime picture, including the decline of the U.S. merchant marine, the renewed push for American shipbuilding and maritime strategy, the key shipping and naval indicators John is watching most closely, and much more.
 
Mike Bradley started the show by highlighting the apparent disconnect between “paper/financial” barrels and “physical” oil barrels. He noted that WTI oil price was up ~$3/bbl on the day, to ~$91/bbl, while Brent price was also higher by a similar amount (~$104/bbl). The Brent-WTI oil spread has blown out to a 10-year high ($13 to $15/bbl). Mike also pointed out that Oman oil barrels destined for Asia recently traded at ~$180/bbl, reinforcing the view that physical markets remain far tighter than paper prices suggest. He closed by noting that “financial” markets, both oil and equity, appear to be dialing in a much quicker and more optimistic resolution to the Strait of Hormuz closure than what may ultimately prove to be the case.
 
About John Konrad
Captain John Konrad is the founder and CEO of gCaptain, one of the world’s most-read maritime news websites, and a member of the Pentagon Press Corps. He holds a USCG Master Unlimited license. John studied naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy before graduating from SUNY Maritime College with a degree in Marine Transportation. His decade at sea included service aboard Military Sealift Command-operated ships, crude-oil supertankers running to Valdez, and dynamically positioned drillships supporting deepwater projects. In industry leadership roles, he participated in major offshore exploration and drilling campaigns, including the KG-D6 discovery with Reliance Industries and world record-setting deepwater work with Chevron. On April 20, 2010, John had finished overseeing the $750 million Deep Ocean Ascension newbuild project for BP when the Deepwater Horizon exploded. His seven years at Transocean and personal ties to members of the Horizon crew drove him to investigate the disaster, resulting in Fire on the Horizon (HarperCollins, 2011). In 2025, he co-authored Returning from Ebb Tide: Renewing the United States Commercial Maritime Enterprise for Marine Corps University Press. John has contributed to publications including Forbes, CIMSEC, Lloyd’s List, and the U.S. Coast Guard Compass, and has appeared on outlets including NPR and the BBC. He is an Associate Fellow of the Nautical Institute and a membe