Simulation vs. real-world data for training

Lukas explains simulation (e.g., NVIDIA) helps pre-train but real teleoperation and egocentric data remain essential.

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What happens when a $39 billion humanoid bet can't do useful work, but a wheeled robot in a warehouse already turns a profit?

In this episode of Follow the Gradient, Melanie and Christian sit down with Lukas Ziegler, robotics evangelist, triple venture partner, and the person whose content reaches over 100 million people a year. From programming cobots in Poland to advising robotics startups across three VC funds, Lukas has seen both the factory floor and the fundraising pitch.

This conversation cuts through the humanoid hype to examine what actually generates industrial ROI, why simulation alone won't close the gap, and what European founders get wrong about choosing their investors.

We talk about:

Why 80% of humanoid functionality can be delivered by wheeled robots at a fraction of the cost, and why VCs still fund the other form
The reliability cliff: how 95% success in the lab translates to destroyed ROI in 24/7 industrial operations
Why narrowing your task scope until failure modes are countable is the real path from demo to production
The sim-to-real gap: NVIDIA Cosmos helps you pre-train at scale, but real-world teleoperation data remains irreplaceable
Why robotics founders should run due diligence on their investors, not just the reverse, especially with SaaS-focused VCs
Poland's emergence as an underestimated AI and robotics hub, and where the European ecosystem actually holds structural advantages

This is not a conversation about when robots will change the world. It is about the compounding decisions that separate robotics companies shipping revenue from those shipping demos.

Our biggest takeaways, including Lukas's view on where robotics founders consistently misjudge their path to production:

https://www.followthegradient.io/p/lukas-ziegler-podcast

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Where to find Lukas M. Ziegler:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/zieglerr/

X: https://x.com/lukas_m_ziegler

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@zieglerrr

Newsletter: https://ziegler.substack.com/

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Melanie: https://www.linkedin.com/in/melaniexgabriel/