The Disenchantment of the Traditional Clergy in Iran

Gorna: We do see this sort of unparalleled kind of rural urban migration and proletarianization influx of peasants into the cities. So with the white revolution we see in many ways a consolidation of forms of agribusiness, often by favored elements of the court and maybe landed families as well. Many of these big landed families who when push came to shove you know against sort of the red terror or the red menace or whatever we'd ultimately link hands with the Shah are actually quite alienated and again not willing to intervene. Gorna: The traditional clergy has been an important force but then increasing disenchanted disillusioned either their outright hostile to the Shah or their quieters.