The White Revolution Is a Co-Optation, a Formal Passive Revolution

When the Shah takes charge of the White Revolution, very much becomes his agenda. He's presenting himself as a quote unquote revolutionary monarch. And he's trying to kind of co-opt that while obviously reconstitute, recalibrate, reconfigure his power and sort of forge this new corporatist kind of order. So on the one hand, land reform seemingly had some positive consequences. But basically what happened ultimately is that productivity actually declined after agriculture declined after the right revolution.