Why growth is getting harder globally

Adam Job, Senior Director at the BCG Institute and leader of its strategy research, offers a clear-eyed examination of growth, uncertainty, and value creation in today's business environment. Drawing on long-term empirical research, he explains why growth remains the primary driver of value over time, while also outlining why it has become structurally harder to achieve amid geopolitical tension, demographic shifts, affordability pressures, and changing political priorities.

The discussion moves beyond slogans and focuses on decision-making under uncertainty. Job explains that politically driven risk differs from other forms of uncertainty because corporate responses can amplify consequences, both economically and reputationally. He introduces a small set of strategic postures, making a bet, defending the core, waiting while preparing contingencies, or building a portfolio of options, and explains when each is appropriate.

Key insights from the conversation include:

• Over long horizons, roughly three-quarters of total shareholder returns are driven by growth, making it essential not only for valuation but also for talent attraction, innovation, and organizational morale.

• Many executives systematically underinvest during uncertain periods, even though research shows that companies making selective big bets during uncertainty often outperform peers who pull back.

• Political risk is uniquely reactive: corporate actions can escalate or de-escalate outcomes, requiring leaders to distinguish carefully between short-term noise and durable structural shifts.

• AI can expand the range of ideas and speed of experimentation, but growth depends on disciplined selection, testing, and scaling, not idea generation alone.

• When growth is not available, some firms can still create value through asset-light models, premium positioning, vertical integration, or reducing earnings volatility, though these paths are limited and not permanent substitutes for growth.

Job also addresses the cultural and organizational conditions that enable prudent risk-taking, including leadership signaling, incentive design, preparedness through scenario planning, and mechanisms that counter herd behavior. He emphasizes that resisting the instinct to retreat during uncertainty often requires deliberate structure, not individual courage alone.

For senior leaders navigating volatility, this episode provides a grounded framework for thinking about growth, risk, and value creation without exaggeration or false certainty. It offers practical guidance on when to act, when to wait, and how to preserve strategic agency in environments where the future is unclear.

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