Cardiovascular Physiology Categorisation Drills for the exam PART 2
Anaesthesia Coffee Break
Venous return mechanisms and microcirculation
Lahiru covers skeletal muscle pump, venous valves, thoracic pump and local microcirculatory autoregulation mechanisms.
Here is cardiovascular (CVS) physiology part 2 classified
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Effect of standing due to hydrostatic pressure
Compensation is Global
- Baroreceptor
o A reduction in mean arterial pressure is sensed by the baroreceptors. They decrease their rate of firing which results in an increase in SNS discharge and decreased PNS discharge causing:
o increased HR
o increased myocardial contractility ® increased CO ® increased MAP
o peripheral vasoconstriction ® increased TPR ® increased MAP (greater effect on resistance vessels than on capacitance vessels)
o venoconstriction ® increased venous return ® increased CO
- Atrial stretch
o Over an extended period of time, decreased blood volume will be sensed by the cardiopulmonary receptors as decreased stretch and decreased firing of the A and B receptors will stimulate:
o release of angiotensin, aldosterone and ADH ( Na+/H2O reabsorption, restoration of blood volume)
o increased SNS activity in the kidney (vasoconstriction, ¯ GFR and ¯ urine flow)
- Venous flow
o Skeletal muscle pump
o Valves
o Thoracic pump
- Microcirculation changes
Local
- Cerebral autoregulaton
- Myogenic mechanism
- Metabolic
- Increase O2 extraction
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