Inflammation Stage of Femoral Fracture Healing

Primary callus forms within two weeks. Cytokines drive this process driving the chondrocytic differentiation, and cartilage production provides provisional stabilization. In the repair stage of healing, endocondrel ossification converts soft callus to hard callus or woven bone. The final stage of secondary bone healing is remodeling. This involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways including the Indian hedgehog or IHH pathway,. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, or PTHRP, fiberglass growth factor, or FGF, and bone morphogenic protein, or BMP.